Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly being identified during adolescence, with parents seeking medical advice when teenagers experience symptoms such as irregular periods, persistent acne, excess facial hair or unexplained weight gain.While irregular menstrual cycles can be common during the first few years after puberty, persistent or severe symptoms may require medical evaluation.
According to Dr Srilakshmi B, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist at Gleneagles Hospital, Fortis Network, Lakdikapool, Hyderabad, doctors are now seeing PCOS in younger patients compared with a decade ago.“Ten years ago, most of my PCOS patients were women in their 20s, often around 25, who were planning pregnancy. Now, it is not uncommon to see 14- or 15-year-olds coming to the OPD with irregular periods, severe acne and facial hair growth,” she said.She added that PCOS, once commonly associated with women in their 20s and 30s, is now being evaluated during the teenage years, sometimes as early as 13 to 16.
Why Could PCOS Be Appearing Earlier?
Experts say there is no single reason for the increasing number of adolescent PCOS cases. Changes in lifestyle, eating habits, physical activity, sleep patterns and the timing of puberty may all play a role.
1. Less Physical Activity and Changing Eating HabitsTeenagers today often spend more time sitting and using digital devices, while diets may include more processed foods, sugary drinks and calorie-dense snacks.Dr Srilakshmi said reduced physical activity and unhealthy eating habits can contribute to weight gain and insulin resistance, both of which are closely associated with PCOS.For teenagers, however, the focus should not be on crash diets or extreme weight loss. Regular physical activity, adequate sleep and balanced, nutritious meals are healthier long-term approaches.
2. Puberty and Hormonal Changes
The timing of puberty may also affect when hormonal changes become noticeable.Dr Srilakshmi said some girls are getting their first periods at a younger age than in previous generations. When puberty begins earlier, hormonal changes also start earlier.She noted that factors such as academic pressure, inadequate sleep and stress linked to social media may further affect hormonal regulation during adolescence.However, irregular periods during the early years after the first menstrual cycle do not automatically mean a teenager has PCOS. Doctors generally consider the pattern and persistence of symptoms, along with the adolescent’s stage of puberty, before making a diagnosis.Early medical evaluation can help identify persistent menstrual or hormonal problems and ensure that teenagers receive appropriate guidance without unnecessary treatment or anxiety.